GOLF — The term "links golf course" is often thrown around in golfing circles, but what exactly defines a links course? BBC Sport's Ask Me Anything team breaks down the unique characteristics, history, and challenges of these iconic coastal courses.
Links golf courses are the oldest style of golf course, originating in Scotland, where the game itself was born. The word "links" comes from the Old English word "hlinc," meaning "rising ground" or "ridge," and historically referred to the sandy, undulating terrain between the sea and inland farmland.
What Makes a True Links Course?
A true links course is built on coastal land, typically characterized by sandy soil, dunes, and natural grasses. Unlike parkland or desert courses, links courses are shaped by nature rather than extensive landscaping. Key features include:
- Firm, fast fairways: The sandy soil drains quickly, making the ground hard and the ball roll farther.
- Natural hazards: Deep bunkers, tall marram grass, and unpredictable winds challenge golfers.
- Minimal trees: The coastal environment limits tree growth, leaving the course exposed to the elements.
As golf legend Tom Watson once said, "Links golf is the purest form of the game. It’s you against the course and the elements, not just against the other players."
The History of Links Golf
The first links courses emerged in Scotland in the 15th century, with St Andrews Old Course being the most famous example. These courses were originally public land where shepherds would hit stones with sticks—an early form of golf.
By the 19th century, golf had become a formalized sport, and links courses spread to England, Ireland, and eventually the U.S. Notable historic links include:
- St Andrews (Scotland): The "Home of Golf," dating back to the 1400s.
- Royal Birkdale (England): Host of The Open Championship multiple times.
- Ballybunion (Ireland): A rugged, windswept course beloved by golfers.
Why Links Golf Is Unique
The Role of Weather
Unlike manicured parkland courses, links golf is heavily influenced by weather. Wind is the biggest factor, often changing direction and strength mid-round. Rain can make the rough thicker, while dry spells harden the fairways even more.
As five-time Open Championship winner Peter Thomson noted, "Playing links golf is like playing chess with the wind. You have to think three shots ahead."
Strategic Play
Links courses reward creativity over power. Golfers must adapt to:
- Bump-and-run shots: Low-trajectory shots that use the firm ground to roll toward the hole.
- Wind adjustments: Club selection and shot shape must account for gusts.
- Course management: Avoiding deep bunkers and thick rough is often more important than distance.
Modern Links Courses
While traditional links courses remain in the British Isles, newer links-style courses have been built worldwide. Some, like Pebble Beach in California, mimic links characteristics but aren’t true links due to their location.
True links courses are rare—only about 250 exist globally, with most in Scotland, Ireland, and England. The Open Championship is the only major played exclusively on links courses.
Conclusion
Links golf is a test of skill, patience, and adaptability. Its raw, natural beauty and unpredictable challenges make it a favorite among purists. Whether you're playing St Andrews or watching The Open, links golf offers a unique connection to the game’s origins.
As golf architect Alister MacKenzie once said, "The best courses are those where nature does most of the work." Links courses embody that philosophy perfectly.
